Which principle involves the arrangement of facilities to optimize operational efficiency?

The principle that involves the arrangement of facilities to optimize operational efficiency is the concept of grouping related facilities. This principle emphasizes the importance of strategically placing related operational areas in proximity to each other to streamline workflows, enhance collaboration, and reduce transportation costs and time. By grouping facilities that have interdependent operations, overall productivity can be improved as resources are utilized more effectively.

For instance, in a manufacturing context, having production lines, storage areas, and shipping departments close together can minimize delays and facilitate better communication between teams. This arrangement also allows for quicker response times to issues that arise, which is crucial in maintaining operational efficiency.

The other principles mentioned—facility hardening, camouflage and concealment, and dispersing facilities—focus on different aspects of facility management and are not primarily concerned with optimizing operational efficiency through the arrangement of related facilities.